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11.
Ignattos Antoniadis 《Pramana》2004,62(2):163-176
The recent understanding of string theory opens the possibility that the string scale can be as low as a few TeV. The apparent
weakness of gravitational interactions can then be accounted by the existence of large internal dimensions, in the sub-millimeter
region. Furthermore, our world must be confined to live on a brane transverse to these large dimensions, with which it interacts
only gravitationally. In my lecture, I describe briefly this scenario which gives a new theoretical framework for solving
the gauge hierarchy problem and the unification of all interactions. I also discuss a minimal embedding of the standard model,
gauge coupling unification and proton stability.
On leave from: Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, Cedex, France. 相似文献
12.
Keith Jonathan M. Kroese Dirk P. Bryant Darryn 《Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability》2004,6(1):29-53
A recent development of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is the emergence of MCMC samplers that allow transitions between different models. Such samplers make possible a range of computational tasks involving models, including model selection, model evaluation, model averaging and hypothesis testing. An example of this type of sampler is the reversible jump MCMC sampler, which is a generalization of the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Here, we present a new MCMC sampler of this type. The new sampler is a generalization of the Gibbs sampler, but somewhat surprisingly, it also turns out to encompass as particular cases all of the well-known MCMC samplers, including those of Metropolis, Barker, and Hastings. Moreover, the new sampler generalizes the reversible jump MCMC. It therefore appears to be a very general framework for MCMC sampling. This paper describes the new sampler and illustrates its use in three applications in Computational Biology, specifically determination of consensus sequences, phylogenetic inference and delineation of isochores via multiple change-point analysis. 相似文献
13.
14.
A new model (called the Temperley-Lieb interactions model) is introduced, in two-dimensional lattice statistics, on a square lattice . The Temperley-Lieb equivalence of this model to the six-vertex, self-dual Potts, critical hard-hexagons and critical nonintersecting string models is established. A graphical equivalence of this model to the six-vertex model generalizes this equivalence to noncritical cases of the above models. The order parameters of a specialization of this model are studied. 相似文献
15.
A Review of Results on Axially Symmetric Navier-Stokes Equations,with Addendum by X. Pan and Q. Zhang 下载免费PDF全文
Qi Zhang & Xinghong Pan 《分析论及其应用》2022,38(3):243-296
In this paper, we give a brief survey of recent results on axially symmetric
Navier-Stokes equations (ASNS) in the following categories: regularity criterion, Liouville property for ancient solutions, decay and vanishing of stationary solutions. Some
discussions also touch on the full 3 dimensional equations. Two results, closing of the
scaling gap for ASNS and vanishing of homogeneous D solutions in 3 dimensional
slabs will be described in more detail.In the addendum, two new results in the 3rd category will also be presented, which
are generalizations of recently published results by the author and coauthors. 相似文献
16.
R. I. Damper Y. Marchand J.-D. S. Marsters A. I. Bazin 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1997,8(2):147-160
A common requirement in speech technology is to align two different symbolic representations of the same linguistic ‘message’.
For instance, we often need to align letters of words listed in a dictionary with the corresponding phonemes specifying their
pronunciation. As dictionaries become ever bigger, manual alignment becomes less and less tenable yet automatic alignment
is a hard problem for a language like English. In this paper, we describe the use of a form of the expectation-maximization
(EM) algorithm to learn alignments of English text and phonemes, starting from a variety of initializations. We use the British
English Example Pronunciation (BEEP) dictionary of almost 200,000 words in this work. The quality of alignment is difficult
to determine quantitatively since no ‘gold standard’ correct alignment exists. We evaluate the success of our algorithm indirectly
from the performance of a pronunciation by analogy system using the aligned dictionary data as a knowledge base for inferring
pronunciations. We find excellent performance—the best so far reported in the literature. There is very little dependence
on the start point for alignment, indicating that the EM search space is strongly convex. Since the aligned BEEP dictionary
is a potentially valuable resource, it is made freely available for research use. 相似文献
17.
The dynamic string motion, which displacement is unilaterally constrained by the rigid termination condition of an arbitrary geometry has been simulated and analyzed. The treble strings of a grand piano usually terminate at a capo bar, which is situated above the strings. The apex of a V-shaped section of the capo bar defines the end of the speaking length of the strings. A numerical calculation based on the traveling wave solution is proposed for modeling the nonlinearity inducing interactions between the vibrating string and the contact condition at the point of string termination. It was shown that the lossless string vibrates in two distinct vibration regimes. In the beginning the string starts to interact in a nonlinear fashion with the rigid terminator, and the resulting string motion is aperiodic. Consequently, the spectrum of the string motion depends on the amplitude of string vibrations, and its spectral structure changes continuously with the passage of time. The duration of that vibration regime depends on the geometry of the terminator. After some time of aperiodic vibration, the string vibrations settle in a periodic regime where the resulting spectrum remains constant. 相似文献
18.
Fadhel Al‐Musallam Amin Boumenir 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2014,37(11):1610-1623
We are concerned with the reconstruction of a non‐differentiable acoustic stiffness reactance coefficient of a one‐dimensional hyperbolic equation using the smallest possible number of boundary readings generated by classical initial conditions. To this end, a complete set of spectral data of a string is extracted from either a single or at most two readings of the trace of the solution on the boundary. The sought coefficient is then uniquely recovered by the Krein inverse spectral theory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Paolo Amore 《Annals of Physics》2010,325(12):2679-427
We obtain systematic approximations for the modes of vibration of a string of variable density, which is held fixed at its ends. These approximations are obtained iteratively applying three theorems which are proved in the paper and which hold regardless of the inhomogeneity of the string. Working on specific examples we obtain very accurate approximations which are compared both with the results of WKB method and with the numerical results obtained with a collocation approach. Finally, we show that the asymptotic behaviour of the energies of the string obtained with perturbation theory, worked to second order in the inhomogeneities, agrees with that obtained with the WKB method and implies a different functional dependence on the density that in two and higher dimensions. 相似文献
20.
陈建平 《数学建模及其应用》2015,4(3):72-74
高通量测序技术的飞速发展让生物信息领域迎来了大数据时代。新技术在提供海量生物遗传信息的同时,也给分析这些数据带来了新的挑战。DNA序列比对是信息分析流程中的关键步骤,为后续的变异检测提供序列比对信息。2015“深圳杯”数学建模夏令营B题以DNA序列比对为研究课题,希望参赛学生给出序列快速比对的最佳方案。本文简要点评了各参赛队伍的解答情况,然后介绍了现有DNA序列比对软件中用到的算法和数据结构。 相似文献